Self-Employment and Freelancer Visa
Visum zur Selbständigkeit / Freiberuflichen Tätigkeit · §21 Aufenthaltsgesetz
What this visa is
Germany offers two distinct routes for non-EU nationals who want to work for themselves rather than an employer. The right route depends on how your work is classified under German tax law.
Route 1 — Freelancer (Freiberufler) §21 Abs. 5
For professionals in freelance and independent professions (Freie Berufe) — including software developers, designers, journalists, translators, architects, engineers, consultants, artists, lawyers and medical professionals. This is the more accessible of the two routes, with no minimum investment requirement.
Who it is for:
- ✓Those practising a recognised freelance or independent profession
- ✓Applicants must demonstrate proof of relevant qualifications, viable income from freelance activity, and ideally existing client contracts or letters of intent from German-based clients
- ✓Proof of sufficient financial means to support yourself
- ✓Applicants over 45 must demonstrate adequate pension provision
Route 2 — Self-Employed Business Owner (Selbständiger) §21 Abs. 1
For those starting or running a commercial business (Gewerbe) in Germany. This route has stricter requirements and involves a more thorough assessment.
Who it is for:
- ✓Those establishing a company or commercial enterprise in Germany
- ✓There must be a demonstrable economic interest in or regional demand for the product or service
- ✓The business must be expected to have a positive effect on the German economy
- ✓Sufficient capital — either equity or a confirmed loan commitment — must be demonstrated to finance the business concept
- ✓Applicants over 45 must demonstrate adequate pension provision
Key facts across both routes
- ✓Residence permit initially issued for up to 3 years, extendable if the business or freelance activity is successful and self-sufficiency is demonstrated
- ✓No German language requirement to apply, though German is practically essential for running a business or building a client base in Germany
- ✓Settlement permit possible after 3 years (§21 Abs. 1) or 5 years (§21 Abs. 5)
- ✓Note: the Opportunity Card does NOT permit self-employment or freelancing — it is for job seekers only
How MiGreat can help
We help you determine which route applies to your work, assess what documentation you need, and prepare a strong application — including your business concept or client evidence.
Find out if this visa is right for you